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Fundamentals

How cricket works, from the Laws to the ICC.

These pages explain who makes cricket's rules, how a match is played and decided under the Laws, how international cricket is classified and officiated, and how people come into the game. They describe the sport; they do not teach batting, bowling, fielding or wicketkeeping.

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This page explains what the Laws of Cricket, governing bodies and standards bodies publish. It is not a substitute for coaching from a qualified coach, and it does not replace medical advice.

This section explains how cricket is organised and how its rules work, not how to play. Batting, bowling, fielding and wicketkeeping are learned in person from a qualified coach, and injuries are a matter for doctors. What these pages offer is the structure around the game: which bodies make the rules, what the Laws say, how international matches are classified and officiated, and how children are introduced to cricket.

Every rule here is given as a named body's rule, with the document and its edition or effective date, and the Law or clause number where the source gives one. Where sources disagree, each version is given with who says it, and anything we could not confirm is said to be unconfirmed. Equipment rules and helmet standards are in the equipment section, safety and concussion in safety, and the vocabulary in the glossary.

Which rulebooks, which editions

TextEdition usedUsed for
MCC, The Laws of Cricket2017 Code 4th Edition (2026), in force from 1 October 2026Every Law cited, unless another edition is named
MCC, The Laws of Cricket2017 Code 3rd Edition (2022), in force from 1 October 2022 until the 4th edition replaced itSaying what changed in 2026
ICC, Classification of Official CricketWith effect from 1 July 2026Tests, ODIs, T20Is, first-class, List A, ODI status
ICC Women's Championship 2025-2029 Playing ConditionsEffective July 2026DRS, the third umpire, DLS, Super Overs and other ICC match rules
ICC men's Test, ODI and T20I playing conditionsNot used for match rules on these pages (the men's Test conditions effective June 2025 and ODI conditions effective October 2026 were read mainly for ball and helmet clauses)Where a men's rule is given, the page names the document, news release or press report it comes from

Rule texts change. The current edition of the Laws, the playing conditions of the competition and the umpires on the day always have the final word.

The shortest possible version

  • A match is played between two sides of eleven (Law 1.1) on a pitch 22 yards long (Law 6.1), in overs of 6 valid balls (Law 17.1). Whether each side bats once or twice, and for how many overs, is agreed before the match (Law 13.1).
  • The MCC says it has been recognised as the sole authority for the Laws since its formation in 1787. The current text came into force on 1 October 2026 with 73 material changes, by the MCC's count.
  • The ICC, founded in 1909 as the Imperial Cricket Conference, runs international cricket. By its own count it approved its 111th member, Mauritius, on 15 July 2026.
  • There are nine ways to be out (Laws 32 to 40), and no batter is given out without an appeal (Law 31.1).
  • The ICC's women's ODI playing conditions (July 2026) set revised targets in interrupted matches with the Duckworth-Lewis-Stern method, and allow a Decision Review System, where both boards agree and the technology is in place, with at most two unsuccessful player reviews per team per innings.

The pages in this section

  1. What cricket is: the game as the 2026 Laws define it.
  2. Formats: Tests, ODIs, T20Is, first-class, List A and The Hundred.
  3. The ICC: founding, members by date, leadership and suspensions.
  4. The MCC and the Laws: who writes the Laws and every Code since 1744.
  5. National boards: founding dates, disputed dates and what boards decide.
  6. How a match works: team sheets, officials, the pitch, the toss, overs and conduct.
  7. Dismissals: the nine ways out, Law by Law.
  8. Extras, the follow-on and results: No balls, Wides, penalty runs and how matches are decided.
  9. Duckworth-Lewis-Stern: how interrupted matches get a target.
  10. Umpires and DRS: the third umpire and player reviews.
  11. The 2026 Laws changes: what changed on 1 October 2026.
  12. Women's cricket: status, the Size 2 ball and helmet guidance.
  13. Disability cricket: the ECB's formats and the Pan-Disability series.
  14. How people learn: the boards' entry programmes for children.
  15. How many people play: each body's own figures, dated.

Match and tournament results are not on these pages. They belong to the events section, and the story of how the game and its bodies developed is in history.

01

What cricket is

Two sides of eleven, a 22-yard pitch, overs of six valid balls, runs, dismissals and results, as the 2026 Laws set them out.

02

Formats

Tests, ODIs and T20Is, first-class, List A and List A Twenty20 under the ICC classification from 1 July 2026, the Associates with ODI status, and The Hundred.

03

The ICC

Founding in 1909, Test status by year, the 2017 reforms, the ICC's own member counts with dates, its chair and chief executive, and the suspensions it has published.

04

The MCC and the Laws

Who writes the Laws, how changes are made, every Code the MCC dates from 1744 to 2017, the editions of the 2017 Code, and how playing conditions vary the Laws.

05

National boards

Founding dates for most of the Test-playing boards, with the disputed ones given both ways, the years each nation gained Test status, and what the Laws leave each board to decide.

06

How a match works

Team sheets, substitutes, umpires and scorers, the pitch, creases and wickets in numbers, the toss, the over, boundaries and the four levels of conduct offence.

07

Dismissals

Bowled, Caught, Hit the ball twice, Hit wicket, LBW, Obstructing the field, Run out, Stumped and Timed out, with the 2022 and 2026 changes to each.

08

Extras and results

No balls and Wides with the 2022 and 2026 changes, byes and leg byes, 5-run penalties, follow-on margins by match length, declarations, and wins, ties and draws.

09

Duckworth-Lewis-Stern

How the ICC uses DLS for revised targets and par scores, the 20-over minimum, ties and Super Overs, and the method's history from Duckworth and Lewis to Stern and the 2018 update.

10

Umpires and DRS

Umpires under the Laws, ICC appointments and panels, the third umpire's job, and the DRS rules on player reviews, Umpire's Call and the zones, with dated changes since 2021.

11

The 2026 Laws changes

The changes in the 2017 Code 4th Edition (2026) that our research records, each with its Law number, the earlier 2022 wording where it differed, and what the ICC adopted.

12

Women's cricket

Equal status in the ICC classification, the women's ODI playing conditions of July 2026, the new Size 2 ball, what the ICC and NZC say about helmets, and dated participation figures.

13

Disability cricket

The ECB's five disability formats, the Pan-Disability series it announced for 2025, how the Laws leave room for adapted games, and what our research could not confirm.

14

How people learn

The ECB's All Stars and Dynamos, Cricket Australia's Woolworths Cricket Blast, NZC's Smash Play and Junior Game, and how the Laws leave junior formats to each board.

15

How many people play

The ICC's 2018 fan and player research, its member count to July 2026, Cricket Australia's 2022-23 census, Cricket Blast registrations and the ECB's 2021 figures, each dated.

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